OPC UA, MQTT, S7, MES, ERP and historians: how to get data out of legacy and new machines and into systems you can actually analyse. With decision matrices, fault diagnosis and reference architectures for brownfield plants.
A complete ISA-95 topic schema, naming rules with the reasoning behind them, an honest assessment of Sparkplug B and a grid for choosing a broker - vendor-neutral, including a section on when you do not need a UNS at all.
Brownfield is the normal case. Four escalation levels show how to reach the data inside an existing machine - and why capturing it is the smaller part of the work.
OPC UA models meaning and access at the asset; MQTT moves messages upwards through a broker. Which protocol carries which job, what Sparkplug B adds, and what the bridge between the two looks like.
The S7-1500's built-in OPC UA server or Snap7 on port 102? A decision table by PLC generation, the licence classes, the PUT/GET setting, optimized data blocks and a working python-snap7 example.
Five integration patterns between MES and ERP compared — and then the part almost nobody writes about: confirmation logic, duplicate protection and what happens when one system goes down.
How to make manuals, datasheets, maintenance reports and standards machine-readable with AI – from PDF and OCR quality through RAG architecture and source attribution to on-premise operation. Technical depth instead of product promises, with an honest account of the limits.
OEE, availability, shop-floor and machine data capture, energy and quality figures: which KPI needs which data source, and how to turn that into a dashboard the shop floor actually trusts. With calculators, formulas and standards references instead of benchmark marketing.
The smallest sensible first step instead of a digitalisation vision: replacing Excel, digital shift handover, paperless production, goods receipt and document processing. Every article names the data source, the target system and the exceptions that make projects fail.
Before the project comes the decision: off-the-shelf or custom, requirement specifications, realistic cost structures for industrial projects and typical use cases in production and maintenance. Decision material that also says when off-the-shelf software wins.